These virtues can also be vices depending on action. Analyzing 11 specific virtues, Aristotle argued that most virtues fall at a mean between more extreme character traits. J. K. Thomson (New York: Viking, 1995), 104. Aristotelian Virtue Ethics Introduction. The Ethics of Aristotle: The Nichomachaen Ethics. Revised version published as "Aristotle on the Virtue of the Multitude," Political Theory 41 (2013): 175-202. Aristotle thought that there were two overriding virtues, intellectual and moral. It is fitting, therefore, that his moral philosophy is based around assessing the broad characters of human beings rather than assessing singular acts in isolation. This essay revisits Aristotle’s theory of virtue for two purposes. Aristotle on Virtue, The Philosophy of Immanuel Kant, and Right Week011 – Ethics Virtue according to Aristotle Aristotle - believed that virtue (arete) is a trait of mind or character that helps us achieve a good life guided by reason. Virtue ethics is a general term for ethical theories which regards the individual's character and virtue as most morally significant. Sanders !1 The Virtues of Aristotle’s Virtue Ethics From the ancient period of philosophy to the Enlightenment, virtue ethics stood as the dominant and unrivaled ethical theory of the age. “Happiness is the best, and the most beautiful and the most delightful. Intro to Virtue Ethics: Aristotle Ancient philosophy relevant today. The virtue of true friendship, as Aristotle defines it, deals with the mutually reciprocated relationship between two good people who bear goodwill towards one another for the other’s sake (VIII, 2, 144). This material appears in his ethical writings, in a systematic treatise on the nature of the soul (De anima), and in a number of minor monographs on topics such as sense-perception, memory, sleep, and dreams. Whereas Aristotle stopped at a dozen virtues, seventeenth- and eighteenth-century virtue theorists expanded the list to include as many as 100 distinct virtues. (rev. New York: Viking. Aristotle distinguishes two kinds of virtue (1103a1–10): those that pertain to the part of the soul that engages in reasoning (virtues of mind or intellect), and those that pertain to the part of the soul that cannot itself reason but is nonetheless capable of following reason (ethical virtues, virtues of character). It, therefore, shows that deficiency or excess of action results in vices while intermediate actions give virtues. The virtues which Aristotle enumerates are guiding principles for which one should aim when determining one's conduct. 11) Modesty – ego. The knowledge of good leads to the practice of virtue, and the exercise of it makes us happy. Though Aristotle’s definition seems intuitive, a relationship must meet many qualifications in order to be considered a true friendship. Aristotle believed that the correct way to live was to follow the doctrine of the mean, the 'middle way'. The theory was founded and advanced by some of the greatest and most influential minds of history. Here is Aristotle’s justification for ready wit as a virtue: Since life includes rest as well as activity, and in this is included leisure and amusement, there seems here also to be a kind of intercourse which is tasteful; there is such a thing as saying—and again listening to—what one should and as one should. Aristotle argues that virtues exist in a continuum of excess and deficiency of actions, and thus, virtue occurs as an intermediate 4. Aristotle (384–322 BC) was a scholar in disciplines such as ethics, metaphysics, biology and botany, among others. The excesses are irascibility or bitterness. However, they are praised or blamed for having certain virtues or vices. Aristotle Virtue Ethics 2. Aristotle elaborated his theory of virtue in two texts, the Nicomachean and the Eudemian Ethics. 1. 14 This notion of happiness is independent of age or relative weakness. Aristotle Born in 384. Aristotle’s Virtue Theory • The extent of Aristotle’s role in philosophy is outlined, including his concept of teleology and causation. He believed that the function of a human was to engage in an activity of the soul in accordance with virtue. vii, of the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle dis- cusses a list of moral virtues or qualities essential to the good man. ... 11. Aristotle Nicomachean Ethics' Virtues Abstract: Aristotle contributed greatly to the development of the human moralistic values by scripting the Nicomachean Ethics. He split virtues into two types: intellectual and moral. Aristotle defined Virtue as a habit of choice, the characteristic of which lies in the observation of the mean or of moderation (relative to the circumstances of the individual concerned), as it is determined by reason or as the practically prudent man would determine it. Akshin Goswami / Tuesday, June 11, 2019 / Categories: Intro To Ethics. And since happiness is the highest human good, then it follows that we all ought to choose and act in a morally virtuous way. Aristotle states that virtues and vices of character cannot be feelings, and he gives three reasons for that. 12) Justice – sense of right / wrong, indignation. 3. look at flash card for examples To work the Golden Mean out, individuals need to use practical wisdom (phronesis). Abstract: It is widely believed that Aristotle espoused “the doctrine of the wisdom of the multitude,” the claim that large groups can make better decisions by pooling their knowledge than individuals or small groups can make alone.
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